Ngwaahịa

  • Ọkụ na-enweghị ntụpọ

    Ọkụ na-enweghị ntụpọ

    Nkọwapụta mmepụta:

    Mpụga dayameta nke ígwè ọkpọkọ 12-377

    Mgbidi ígwè ọkpọkọ nke 2-50

    Ihe a na-ahụkarị:

    10# 0.07~0.13 0.17~0.37 0.35~0.65 ≤0.035 ≤0.035

    20# 0.17~0.23 0.17~0.37 0.35~0.65 ≤0.035 ≤0.035

    35# 0.32~0.39 0.17~0.37 0.35~0.65 ≤0.035 ≤0.035

    45# 0.42~0.50 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.80 ≤0.035 ≤0.035

    40cr 0.37~0.44 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.80 ≤0.035 ≤0.035 0.08~1.10

    25Mn 0.22~0.2 0.17~0.37 0.70~1.00 ≤0.035 ≤0.035 ≤0.25

    37Mn5 0.30~0.39 0.15~0.30 1.20~1.50 ≤0.015 ≤0.020

    Okwu mmalite:

    Ọkụ na-enweghị ntụpọ bụ ụdị ihe ọkpọkọ igwe kwụ ọtọ dị elu mgbe eserese oyi ma ọ bụ tụgharịa ọkụ.N'ihi na ọ dịghị oyi akwa oxide n'ime na n'èzí mgbidi nke kpọmkwem ígwè ọkpọkọ, [1] n'okpuru nnukwu nrụgide na-enweghị ntapu, elu nkenke, elu imecha, oyi ekwe na-enweghị deformation, flaring, flattening na-enweghị cracks na na, ọ bụ tumadi na-eji. maka mmepụta nke pneumatic ma ọ bụ hydraulic components, dị ka cylinders ma ọ bụ cylinders, nke nwere ike ịbụ enweghị ntụpọ.Ngwakọta kemịkalụ nke tube enweghị enweghị nkebi bụ carbon C, silicon Si, manganese Mn, sọlfọ S, phosphorus P, chromium Cr.

    Ọkụ na-enweghị ntụpọ na-anabata teknụzụ nhazi

    A na-edozi ọkpọkọ na-enweghị ntụpọ site na ntụgharị.N'ihi nrụgide mkpakọ nke fọdụrụ na oyi akwa elu, ọ na-enye aka imechi micro cracks n'elu ma gbochie mgbasawanye nke mbuze.Ọ nwere ike melite nguzogide corrosion elu ma na-egbu oge ọgbọ ma ọ bụ mgbasawanye nke ike ọgwụgwụ, ka ọ dịkwuo ike ike ọgwụgwụ nke ọkpọ ígwè quilted.Site n'ịkpụgharị, a na-etolite oyi akwa na-arụ ọrụ siri ike na-agbagharị agbagharị, nke na-ebelata ngbanwe na plastik nke elu kọntaktị nke ụzọ igwe nri, si otú a na-eme ka nkwụsị nke mgbidi dị n'ime nke ọkpọ ígwè ahụ na-ekpuchi ma na-ezere ọkụ. kpatara egweri.Mgbe ị na-atụgharị, mbelata nke nhụsianya elu nwere ike imeziwanye ihe dị mma.

    Rolling machining bụ ụdị mgbawa na-enweghị igwe.Na nkịtị okpomọkụ, na plastic deformation nke metal na-eji flatten microscopic roughness nke workpiece n'elu ka imezu nzube nke ịgbanwe elu Ọdịdị, n'ibu e ji mara, udi na size.Ya mere, usoro a nwere ike imezu ebumnuche abụọ nke polishing na ike n'otu oge ahụ, nke na-enweghị ike ịme egweri.

    N'agbanyeghị ụdị nhazi usoro a na-eji ahazi, a ga-enwe mgbe niile mma convex na concave na-ekwekọghị ekwekọ akara n'elu akụkụ, na onu nke steegara elu na ndagwurugwu;

    Rolling nhazi ụkpụrụ: Ọ bụ ụdị nrụgide agwụcha nhazi, bụ ojiji nke metal na nkịtị okpomọkụ steeti oyi plastic e ji mara, ojiji nke Rolling ngwá ọrụ na-egosipụta a ụfọdụ nrụgide na workpiece elu, nke mere na workpiece elu metal plastic. eruba, jupụta n'ime mbụ ihe fọdụrụ ala concave trough, na nweta workpiece elu roughness uru belatara.N'ihi na plastic deformation nke akpọrepu n'elu metal, n'elu anụ ahụ oyi hardening na ọka thinning, guzobe nke ok eriri, na e guzobere residual stress oyi akwa, isi ike na ike, si otú ahụ na-eme ka eyi nguzogide, corrosion iguzogide na ndakọrịta nke workpiece elu.Rolling bụ usoro eji eme plastik na-enweghị ịkpụ.

    Quilted enweghị nkebi ọkpọkọ ọtụtụ uru:

    1, melite elu roughness, roughness nwere ike isi rute Ra≤0.08µ m ma ọ bụ karịa.

    2, okirikiri ziri ezi, elliptical nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-erughị 0.01mm.

    3, meziwanye ike nke elu, a na-ewepụ nrụrụ ike, ike na-abawanye HV≥4 °

    4, mgbe nhazi oyi akwa nrụgide fọdụrụnụ, kwalite ike ike ọgwụgwụ site na 30%.

    5, melite ogo nke kwesịrị ekwesị, belata iyi, gbasaa ndụ ọrụ nke akụkụ, mana ọnụahịa nhazi nke akụkụ na-ebelata.

  • Ọkụ ígwè na-enweghị nkebi oyi na-adọta

    Ọkụ ígwè na-enweghị nkebi oyi na-adọta

    Nkọwapụta mmepụta:

    Mpụga dayameta nke ígwè ọkpọkọ 12-377

    Mgbidi ígwè ọkpọkọ nke 2-50

    Iwebata ngwaahịa:

    Iji nweta obere nha na mma mma obere ọkpọkọ nchara na-enweghị ntụpọ, ọ dị mkpa iji ntụgharị oyi, eserese oyi ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke ụzọ abụọ ahụ.A na-eme mkpọtụ oyi na-eme n'elu igwe igwe dị elu abụọ, nke a na-atụgharị ọkpọkọ ígwè na ngafe afọ nke nwere oghere okirikiri nke ngalaba mgbanwe na isi conical kwụ ọtọ.A na-eme ihe osise oyi na 0.5 ~ 100T otu yinye ma ọ bụ igwe ihe osise oyi na-atụ okpukpu abụọ.

    High-edu carbon structural ígwè oyi-adọta enweghị nkebi ọkpọkọ, tumadi mere nke No. 10, Nke 20, No. 35, Nke 45 ígwè, na mgbakwunye na iji hụ na chemical mejupụtara na n'ibu Njirimara ime hydraulic ule, flange, flaring, flatting na ule ndị ọzọ.

    Usoro mgbako maka ịdị arọ nke ọkpọkọ igwe anaghị agba nchara oyi:(OD - ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi) * ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi * 0.02466 = kg / m (arọ kwa mita)

    Ihe osise oyi:

    10#, 20#, 35#, 45#, q345b, 40cr, 42crmo, 35crmo, 30crmo na ihe ndị ọzọ.

  • Ọkpụkpụ ígwè nkenke

    Ọkpụkpụ ígwè nkenke

    Iwebata ngwaahịa:

    Nkenke ígwè ọkpọkọ dị elu size, elu nkenke, ọkpọkọ n'ime na n'èzí elu imecha, mgbe okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ nke ígwè ọkpọkọ n'ime na n'èzí bụ dịghị oxide film, ígwè anwụrụ flaring, flattening na-enweghị cracks, oyi ekwe na-enweghị deformation, na ike idi elu nsogbu. , nwere ike ime ụdị nrụrụ dị mgbagwoju anya na nhazi miri emi n'ibu.

    Isi mmepụta nke ígwè ọkpọkọ ụdị: 10 #, 20 #, 35 #, 45 #, 40cr, 42crmo, 16mn, wdg

    Nkọwapụta mmepụta:

    Mpụga dayameta nke ígwè ọkpọkọ 12-159

    Mgbidi ígwè ọkpọkọ nke 2-30

    Ojiji nke isi:

    A na-ejikarị ọkpọkọ ígwè eme ihe na ụgbọ ala, ọgba tum tum, ụgbọ ala eletrik, petrochemical, ike eletrik, ụgbọ mmiri, ikuku ikuku, bearings, pneumatic components, ọkara na obere nsogbu ji esi mmiri ọkụ enweghị nkebi ígwè ọkpọkọ na ndị ọzọ ubi, nwekwara ike tinye n'ọrụ na ígwè mmanya aka uwe, bearings. , hydraulic, n'ibu nhazi na ubi ndị ọzọ!

    Usoro mmepụta:

    Usoro mmepụta nke ọkpọkọ nchara nkenke bụ otu ihe ahụ nke ọkpọkọ nkịtị, ya bụ, enwere usoro pickling na oyi na-atụ ikpeazụ.

    Nkenke ígwè ọkpọkọ usoro eruba

    Tube kpo oku billet - nyocha - akpụkpọ anụ - - - perforation, pickling passivation, egweri - mmanụ mmanu nkụ - oyi akpọrepu - ka - ịkpụ isi - nnyocha, njirimara, okokụre ngwaahịa nkwakọ ngwaahịa.

  • 10 # Ọkpụkpụ ígwè na-enweghị ntụpọ

    10 # Ọkpụkpụ ígwè na-enweghị ntụpọ

    Nkọwapụta mmepụta:

    Mpụga dayameta nke ígwè ọkpọkọ 20-426

    Mgbidi ígwè ọkpọkọ nke 20-426

    Ngwakọta kemịkalụ:

    ● No. 10 enweghị nkebi ígwè anwụrụ chemical mejupụtara:

    Carbon C: 0.07 ~ 0.14 ″ silicon Si: 0.17 ~ 0.37 Manganese Mn: 0.35 ~ 0.65 Sulfur S: ≤0.04 Phosphorus P: ≤0.35 chromium Cr: ≤0.15 Nickel Ni: 25≤0 Copper0: 25≤0.

    Ngwongwo igwe:

    Mechanical Njirimara nke No. 10 enweghị nkebi ígwè ọkpọkọ: Tensile ike σb (MPa): ≥410 (42) Mpụta ike σs (MPa): ≥245 (25) elongation δ5 (%) : ≥25 sectional shrinkage (%) : ≥5 , ike: unheated, ≤156HB, sample size: 25mm.

    Carbon structural steel dị elu:

    Ọ dịghị 10 enweghị nkebi nchara ọkpọkọ enweghị ihe ndị ọzọ alloy (ma e wezụga ihe fọdụrụnụ) ma e wezụga carbon (C) element na a ụfọdụ ego nke silicon (Si) maka deoxidation (n'ozuzu ọ bụghị ihe karịrị 0,40%), manganese (Mn) (n'ozuzu bụghị). ihe karịrị 0.80%, ruo 1.20%) ihe alloy.

    Nchara dị otú ahụ ga-enwerịrị ma ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ na ihe eji arụ ọrụ.A na-achịkwa ọdịnaya nke sọlfọ (S) na phosphorus (P) n'okpuru 0.035%.Ọ bụrụ na a na-achịkwa ya n'okpuru 0.030%, a na-akpọ ya ígwè dị elu, na "A" kwesịrị ịgbakwunye mgbe ọkwa ọkwa, dị ka 20A;Ọ bụrụ na P na-achịkwa n'okpuru 0.025% na S na-achịkwa n'okpuru 0.020%, a na-akpọ ya nchara nchara dị elu, na "E" kwesịrị ịgbakwunye mgbe ọkwa ahụ gasịrị iji gosipụta ọdịiche ahụ.Maka ihe ndị ọzọ fọdụrụnụ alloying ihe ndị a na-ebute nchara nchara, dị ka chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), ọla kọpa (Cu), wdg, ọdịnaya nke Cr≤0.25%, Ni≤0.30%, Cu≤0.25%.Ụfọdụ ụdị nke manganese (Mn) nwere ihe ruru 1.40%, nke a maara dị ka ígwè manganese.

    Nke 10 enweghị nkebi nchara anwụrụ arọ ngụkọta oge usoro:[(mpụta dayameta - mgbidi ọkpụrụkpụ)* mgbidi ọkpụrụkpụ]*0.02466=kg/m (arọ kwa mita)

  • Q345B tube enweghị nkebi

    Q345B tube enweghị nkebi

    Nkọwapụta mmepụta:

    Mpụga dayameta nke ígwè ọkpọkọ 20-426

    Mgbidi ígwè ọkpọkọ nke 20-426

    Isi njirimara:

    Ezi keukwu n'ibu Njirimara, weldability, oyi, na-ekpo ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ Njirimara na corrosion iguzogide, na ezi ala okpomọkụ siri ike.

    Ngwa ngwaahịa:

    Ụgbọ mmiri, ọkụ ọkụ, arịa nrụgide, tankị nchekwa mmanụ, Bridges, akụrụngwa ọkụ ọkụ, igwe na-ebuli elu na ihe mgbado ọkụ ndị ọzọ nwere ibu dị elu.

  • 35CrMo alloy ígwè ọkpọkọ

    35CrMo alloy ígwè ọkpọkọ

    Nkọwapụta mmepụta:

    Mpụga dayameta nke ígwè ọkpọkọ 20-426

    Mgbidi ígwè ọkpọkọ nke 20-426

    Iwebata ngwaahịa:

    Dịka ọmụmaatụ, 40Cr.(Ọdịnaya carbon nke 35CrMo alloy ígwè ọkpọkọ bụ 0.32 ~ 0.40, silicon 0.17 ~ 0.37, manganese 0.40 ~ 0.70, molybdenum 0.15 ~ 0.25, chromium 0.80 ~ 1.10)

    ② A na-egosipụtakarị ihe ndị bụ isi alloying na ígwè, ma e wezụga ụfọdụ ihe microalloying, site na ọtụtụ pasent.Mgbe nkezi ihe alloy dị ihe na-erughị 1.5%, ọ bụ naanị akara mmewere ka a na-edekarị akara na nọmba igwe, mana ọ bụghị ọdịnaya.Otú ọ dị, n'ọnọdụ pụrụ iche, ọ dị mfe mgbagwoju anya, ọnụ ọgụgụ "1" nwere ike ịkara akara mgbe akara mmewere, dị ka nọmba ígwè "12CrMoV" na "12Cr1MoV", ọdịnaya chromium nke mbụ bụ 0.4-0.6%, na nke ikpeazụ bụ 0.9-1.2%.Ihe niile ọzọ bụ otu.Mgbe nkezi alloying mmewere ọdịnaya ≥1.5%, ≥2.5%, ≥3.5%……“, akara mmewere kwesịrị ka akara mgbe ọdịnaya, nwere ike na-egosipụta dị ka 2, 3, 4…… Etc. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, 18Cr2Ni4WA.

    ③ Alloy ọcha dị ka vanadium V, titanium Ti, aluminum AL, boron B na obere ụwa RE na ígwè bụ nke microalloying ọcha.Ọ bụ ezie na ọdịnaya dị ntakịrị, a ka kwesịrị ka akara ha na nọmba ígwè.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ígwè 20MnVB.Vanadium bụ 0.07-0.12% na boron bụ 0.001-0.005%.

    ④ "A" kwesịrị ịgbakwunye na njedebe nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nchara nke ígwè dị elu iji chọpụta ọdịiche dị na nchara dị elu n'ozuzu ya.

    ⑤ Special ebumnuche alloy structural steel, nchara nọmba nchara (ma ọ bụ suffix) na-anọchite anya ebumnuche nke akara nchara.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nchara 30CrMnSi nke a na-eji eme ihe maka skru bụ ML30CrMnSi.

    Alloy tube na enweghị nkebi tube ma nwere mmekọrịta na iche, enweghị ike mgbagwoju anya.

    Alloy pipe bụ ọkpọkọ ígwè dị ka ihe mmepụta ihe (ya bụ, ihe) si kọwaa, dị ka aha na-egosi na ọ bụ ọkpọkọ alloy;Na enweghị nkebi ọkpọkọ bụ ígwè anwụrụ dị ka mmepụta usoro (enweghị nkebi) kọwaa, dị iche iche si enweghị nkebi ọjà bụ welded ọkpọkọ, gụnyere ogologo onuete welded ọkpọkọ na gburugburu ọkpọkọ.

    Teknụzụ nrụpụta:

    1. Hot Rolling (extrusion enweghị nkebi ígwè ọkpọkọ): gburugburu tube oghere → kpo oku → perforating → atọ elu diagonal rolling, na-aga n'ihu rolling ma ọ bụ extrusion → ịdọpụ → size (ma ọ bụ ibelata) → jụrụ → ịgbatị → hydrostatic ule (ma ọ bụ nyocha) → marking → nchekwa

    2. oyi-adọkpụ (akpọrela) enweghị nkebi ígwè ọkpọkọ: gburugburu tube oghere → kpo oku → perforation → isi → annealing → pickling → mmanụ (ọla kọpa plating) → multi-agafe oyi ịbịaru (oyi Rolling) → oghere tube → okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ → ịgbatị → ule hydrostatic (nleba anya) → akara → nchekwa

  • 30CrMo alloy ígwè ọkpọkọ

    30CrMo alloy ígwè ọkpọkọ

    Nkọwapụta mmepụta:

    Mpụga dayameta nke ígwè ọkpọkọ 20-426

    Mgbidi ígwè ọkpọkọ nke 20-426

    Iwebata ngwaahịa:

    ① Ọnụọgụ abụọ ahụ na mmalite nke nọmba ígwè na-egosi ọdịnaya carbon nke ígwè ahụ, na nkezi carbon ọdịnaya nke puku ole na ole, dị ka 40Cr, 30CrMo alloy steel pipe.

    ② A na-egosipụtakarị ihe ndị bụ isi alloying na ígwè, ma e wezụga ụfọdụ ihe microalloying, site na ọtụtụ pasent.Mgbe nkezi ihe alloy dị ihe na-erughị 1.5%, ọ bụ naanị akara mmewere ka a na-edekarị akara na nọmba igwe, mana ọ bụghị ọdịnaya.Otú ọ dị, n'ọnọdụ pụrụ iche, ọ dị mfe mgbagwoju anya, ọnụ ọgụgụ "1" nwere ike ịkara akara mgbe akara mmewere, dị ka nọmba ígwè "12CrMoV" na "12Cr1MoV", ọdịnaya chromium nke mbụ bụ 0.4-0.6%, na nke ikpeazụ bụ 0.9-1.2%.Ihe niile ọzọ bụ otu.Mgbe nkezi alloying mmewere ọdịnaya ≥1.5%, ≥2.5%, ≥3.5%……“, akara mmewere kwesịrị ka akara mgbe ọdịnaya, nwere ike na-egosipụta dị ka 2, 3, 4…… Etc. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, 18Cr2Ni4WA.

    ③ Alloy ọcha dị ka vanadium V, titanium Ti, aluminum AL, boron B na obere ụwa RE na ígwè bụ nke microalloying ọcha.Ọ bụ ezie na ọdịnaya dị ntakịrị, a ka kwesịrị ka akara ha na nọmba ígwè.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ígwè 20MnVB.Vanadium bụ 0.07-0.12% na boron bụ 0.001-0.005%.

    ④ "A" kwesịrị ịgbakwunye na njedebe nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nchara nke ígwè dị elu iji chọpụta ọdịiche dị na nchara dị elu n'ozuzu ya.

    ⑤ Special ebumnuche alloy structural steel, nchara nọmba nchara (ma ọ bụ suffix) na-anọchite anya ebumnuche nke akara nchara.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nchara 30CrMnSi nke a na-eji eme ihe maka skru bụ ML30CrMnSi.

    Teknụzụ nrụpụta:

    1. Hot Rolling (extrusion enweghị nkebi ígwè ọkpọkọ): gburugburu tube oghere → kpo oku → perforating → atọ elu diagonal rolling, na-aga n'ihu rolling ma ọ bụ extrusion → ịdọpụ → size (ma ọ bụ ibelata) → jụrụ → ịgbatị → hydrostatic ule (ma ọ bụ nyocha) → marking → nchekwa

    2. oyi-adọkpụ (akpọrela) enweghị nkebi ígwè ọkpọkọ: gburugburu tube oghere → kpo oku → perforation → isi → annealing → pickling → mmanụ (ọla kọpa plating) → multi-agafe oyi ịbịaru (oyi Rolling) → oghere tube → okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ → ịgbatị → ule hydrostatic (nleba anya) → akara → nchekwa

  • 440 igwe anaghị agba nchara efere 440 igwe anaghị agba nchara

    440 igwe anaghị agba nchara efere 440 igwe anaghị agba nchara

    Efere igwe anaghị agba nchara nwere elu dị larịị, nnukwu plasticity, ike siri ike na ike n'ibu, ma na-eguzogide corrosion nke acid, alkaline gas, ngwọta na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ.Ọ bụ ụdị alloy ígwè na-adịghị mfe nchara, ma ọ bụghị kpamkpam nchara.Igwe anaghị agba nchara na-ezo aka na efere ígwè na-eguzogide corrosion nke mgbasa ozi na-adịghị ike dị ka ikuku, uzuoku na mmiri, ebe efere ígwè na-eguzogide acid na-ezo aka na efere ígwè na-eguzogide corrosion nke chemical etching media dị ka acid, alkali na nnu.Efere igwe anaghị agba nchara nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme ihe karịrị otu narị afọ kemgbe ọ pụtara na mmalite narị afọ nke 20.

  • 410 igwe anaghị agba nchara, 410 igwe anaghị agba nchara

    410 igwe anaghị agba nchara, 410 igwe anaghị agba nchara

    Efere igwe anaghị agba nchara nwere elu dị larịị, nnukwu plasticity, ike siri ike na ike n'ibu, ma na-eguzogide corrosion nke acid, alkaline gas, ngwọta na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ.Ọ bụ ụdị alloy ígwè na-adịghị mfe nchara, ma ọ bụghị kpamkpam nchara.Igwe anaghị agba nchara na-ezo aka na efere ígwè na-eguzogide corrosion nke mgbasa ozi na-adịghị ike dị ka ikuku, uzuoku na mmiri, ebe efere ígwè na-eguzogide acid na-ezo aka na efere ígwè na-eguzogide corrosion nke chemical etching media dị ka acid, alkali na nnu.Efere igwe anaghị agba nchara nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme ihe karịrị otu narị afọ kemgbe ọ pụtara na mmalite narị afọ nke 20.

  • 316L igwe anaghị agba nchara, 316L igwe anaghị agba nchara

    316L igwe anaghị agba nchara, 316L igwe anaghị agba nchara

    Nguzogide corrosion, na ike okpomọkụ dị elu nke igwe anaghị agba nchara 316 ka emelitere nke ọma n'ihi mgbakwunye nke Mo element.Nguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu nwere ike iru ogo 1200-1300 ma nwee ike iji ya mee ihe n'okpuru ọnọdụ siri ike.

    A na-eji: akụrụngwa mmiri mmiri, kemịkalụ, ihe e ji esiji ákwà, imepụta akwụkwọ, oxalic acid, fatịlaịza na akụrụngwa mmepụta ndị ọzọ;Foto, ụlọ ọrụ nri, akụrụngwa dị n'akụkụ osimiri, eriri, mkpanaka CD, bolts, akụ.

  • 304 igwe anaghị agba nchara efere 304 igwe anaghị agba nchara efere

    304 igwe anaghị agba nchara efere 304 igwe anaghị agba nchara efere

    Igwe anaghị agba nchara efere elu ezigbo, na elu plasticity, ike na n'ibu ike, acid, alkaline gas, ngwọta na ndị ọzọ media corrosion.Ọ bụ nchara na-adịghị adị mfe nchara, ma ọ bụghị igwe anaghị agba nchara.

  • 304L igwe anaghị agba nchara, 304L igwe anaghị agba nchara

    304L igwe anaghị agba nchara, 304L igwe anaghị agba nchara

    304L bụ igwe anaghị agba nchara zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke a na-ejikarị eme akụrụngwa na akụkụ chọrọ ezigbo arụmọrụ zuru oke (nguzogide corrosion na formability).

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